The formation of the battery industry in the Republic of Belarus
According trademap.com [1] in the world sells batteries lead-acid starter $ 8 686 880 thousand dollars. Of about US $ 12 477 233 or 611 673 850 PCs (estimated).
Traction and stationary lead-acid batteries in the world market in 2016 sold for the sum of 6 thousand 625 511 USD. USA.
With the changes in technology of energy storage and its use threatens to replace traditional lead-acid technology. The analysis showed that rapid changes in the market of electric batteries is not expected. Despite the rapid development of technology transfer, for example, lithium-ion batteries, traditional lead-acid battery field, is slow, and the positive dynamics of the world market of lead-acid batteries will continue.
According to calculations based on data from the National statistical Committee of the Republic of Belarus, in 2017 the capacity of the primary and secondary Belarusian market of starter lead-acid batteries totaled 676 648 cars Imported to the Republic of Belarus starter battery 938 247 PCs.
The main supply of starter lead-acid batteries are made up of three countries: Poland — 41%, Russia 24%, Ukraine — 15%.
According to the Association interbat [2] in Russia in 2016 produced 8 418 400 PCs of starter lead-acid batteries (168 368 tonnes) and exported 4520 tons, imported — 50521 T. Major importers of starter batteries in Russia: China 35.7% and Germany 17,4%, Vietnam 10.8 per cent, the Philippines at 5.8%, Poland 4.7% of (2 393т). Of lead-acid batteries except the starter produced in Russia 73 665 PCs (cell 2V, the average weight of the cells 38 kg), which is 2 799 tons (estimated), imported 50521 tons of lead-acid batteries except the starter, exported — 1614 T.
In Europe are the batteries lead-acid starter about 100 million.
All used batteries must be disposed of and subsequent recovery of lead, for use in the manufacture of new batteries. Extracted from the recycled lead accounts for more than half of its worldwide metal. In the U.S., 80% of lead is obtained by recycling in Europe — 60%.
Starter lead-acid batteries in 2017 in the Republic of Belarus imported on 13 533т that in 4-5 years will have to be disposed of. Only physical persons in the Republic of Belarus in 2016, collected 10 055 t lead-containing raw materials (waste batteries lead-acid batteries). Estimated in 2017 from individuals established 10 434 t lead-containing raw materials. There is a tendency to increase the amount of battery scrap which is subject to safe utilization.
Processing of lead waste to produce secondary lead is dictated by the environmental necessity of recycling waste batteries, and economic effectiveness even for the camp is rich in natural resources. In Russia there are deposits of all known species on Earth minerals, including lead, however organized enterprises for processing battery and the production of fine lead-free (apart from the economic question is the issue of recycling starter battery, for example, in 2016 the Russian market remained 214 369 tonnes of batteries which 4-5 years should be disposed of).
In the Republic of Belarus to the enterprises within the structure of the 1AK-GROUP, organized a closed cycle of production and distribution of batteries: collection of waste batteries is carried out in all regions Of the Republic of Belarus on the basis of "First battery company" (1AK.BY). "First battery company" — wholesale and retail trade 1AK-GROUP, represented in all regions of the Republic of Belarus. Spent batteries received at OOO "Belinvesttorg-Alloy" (1AK-SPLAV) — a company that has environmentally safe technology of recycling disused batteries. Basic directions activity of OOO "Belinvesttorg-Alloy" — recycling of waste batteries, production of lead and lead alloys. Recycling of batteries is organized globally, the main tasks associated with the process and ways of their solution are presented in table 1.
European countries is estimated to account for 15% of global consumption of lead, of the total volume of production of lead-acid batteries account for about 60% lead. Accordingly, the manufacturing plants lead-acid batteries and metallurgical enterprises for processing and recovery of lead is in almost all European countries, as in Russia and Ukraine.
To ensure raw material into the structure of the major battery manufacturers include processing and metallurgical enterprises, which also allows to ensure quality control used in the manufacture of batteries of lead.
Group of companies 1АК is implementing an investment construction project of the battery plant for the manufacture of lead-acid batteries, "IPower" (1AK-IPOWER). So onby the way, formed the full cycle of production and distribution of lead-acid batteries, including: collection of used batteries (1AK.BY), their processing and production of raw materials — fine lead (1AK-SPLAV), manufacture of batteries (1AK-IPOWER), distribution (1AK.BY).
The creation of a closed production cycle lead-acid batteries, the economy of the Republic of Belarus, allows to solve the following tasks:
1. Environmental — ensuring the collection and safe recycling of lead-acid batteries
2. Economic and social import substitution, the development of export-oriented production, creation of new jobs, provision of batteries of the Belarusian production of the domestic machine-building complex, the formation of value chains, involving manufacturers of plastic component, chemical industry.
3. Scientific — formation R & d center technological know-how, the basis for the development of scientific direction associated with the development of technology accumulation and storing of energy, formation of the scientific and practical competencies in the field of creation and transfer of other technologies energy storage (graphene, lithium-ion, etc.)
List of references:
1. Trade statistics for international business development, 2016 / Monthly, quarterly and yearly trade data. Import & export values, volumes, growth rates, market shares, etc. [Electronic resource]. — Mode of access: http://www.trademap.org. — Date of access: 15.03.2018.
2. International Association "interbat" /Official site. [Electronic resource]. — Mode of access: http://www.interbat.ru — date of access: 15.03.2018.